Mark Carney, a former central banker, swept to the leadership of Canada’s Liberal Party on Sunday and will become prime minister at a critical moment for the country, which is facing threats to its economy and sovereignty from President Trump.

Mr. Carney, who has never been elected to public office, was governor of the Bank of Canada during the 2008 global financial crisis and governor of the Bank of England during Brexit. He was also a successful banker in the private sector, amassing a significant personal fortune.

He dominated the Liberals’ leadership race, securing a decisive win. But because the party does not command a majority in Parliament, Mr. Carney will soon have to call a general election, in which the Liberals will face the Conservative Party, led by Pierre Poilievre.

Mr. Carney’s election marks the end of Justin Trudeau’s decade-long tenure as prime minister. Mr. Trudeau’s popularity had soured, with many blaming him for Canada’s burdensome cost of living, soaring housing costs, overstretched health system and other woes.

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Canada’s busiest commercial crossing, the Ambassador Bridge between Detroit and Windsor, Ontario.Credit…Ian Willms for The New York Times

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